Retail trading activity. Retail buys dips and single names; its share of volume peaks at tops.
What to watch: Retail share of volume; brokerage app downloads; options volume. It arrives weekly, and the effect typically lasts weeks.
It sits in tier 3 — Flows and mechanics: Moves prices without changing anything fundamental, on horizons from hours to weeks. Who is forced to buy or sell, and when. Ignore this tier and market moves will regularly look inexplicable.
Its neighbourhood
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Trends tracked by this
Also in Positioning, sentiment, and fund flows
- Implied volatility (VIX)
- Put/call ratio
- Retail investor sentiment (AAII)
- Fund manager survey (BofA)
- Active manager exposure (NAAIM)
- Fear and greed composites
- Fund flows
- Margin debt
- Short interest
- CTA and trend-following positioning
- Volatility-control and risk-parity funds
- Dealer gamma positioning
- Foreign investor flows
- Sovereign wealth funds and pension allocation
- Crypto markets
- ESG and thematic fund flows
- Pension funding status
- Retail options and leveraged ETF flows
- Market breadth
- Factor and style rotation