Crypto markets. The purest liquidity-and-risk-appetite gauge; leads speculative equities and trades like a high-beta tech stock.
What to watch: Bitcoin; stablecoin supply; ETF flows. It arrives continuous, and the effect typically lasts weeks.
It sits in tier 3 — Flows and mechanics: Moves prices without changing anything fundamental, on horizons from hours to weeks. Who is forced to buy or sell, and when. Ignore this tier and market moves will regularly look inexplicable.
Its neighbourhood
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Trends tracked by this
Also in Positioning, sentiment, and fund flows
- Implied volatility (VIX)
- Put/call ratio
- Retail investor sentiment (AAII)
- Fund manager survey (BofA)
- Active manager exposure (NAAIM)
- Fear and greed composites
- Fund flows
- Margin debt
- Short interest
- CTA and trend-following positioning
- Volatility-control and risk-parity funds
- Dealer gamma positioning
- Foreign investor flows
- Sovereign wealth funds and pension allocation
- Retail trading activity
- ESG and thematic fund flows
- Pension funding status
- Retail options and leveraged ETF flows
- Market breadth
- Factor and style rotation